N-acetyl glucosamine

N-acetyl glucosamine is an amino-monosaccharide that was developed as a pigment-lightening cosmeceutical. It lightens skin by inhibiting the glycosylation of tyrosinase a step necessary for the formation of melanin. NAG is required by fibroblasts which are carpenter cells that synthesize collagen and connective tissue to regenerate body structure. They are highly concentrated in skin to assist the continual process of skin rejuvenation, which slows and becomes inefficient with age. A randomized double-blind study reported that the application of 2% N -acetyl glucosamine twice daily for 5 weeks provided a lightening effect. NAG (3%) applied topically to skin equivalent cell cultures significantly inhibits melanin content in a dose-dependent manner. Clinically, treatment with a 4% niacinamide plus 2% NAG combination for 8 weeks was significantly more effective at reducing hyperpigmentation than niacinamide alone. Thus, it can be an important ingredient in skin lightening products, particularly when combined with niacinamide.